Chapter 6   The Intelligence Agencies   Besides the army's institutional role in the government and in the structure of national political life, in the past two decades the intelligence services have become a major actor on the national political scene. Military Intelligence - (MI), and the Inter-Services Intelligence --(ISI), the two major services, are widely believed to have had a major hand in shaping the candidates and choices available to the voters in elections at least since General Zia's parliamentary elections in 1985. They are reliably reported to be active in today's political scene, notably by encouraging politicians to join the party that appears to be prefer

Chapter 2   Pakistan a political unit   In the following pages we will show that Pakistan is not a nation in the true sense of the word; it is a political unit manufactured and carved out by the accident of circumstances and deliberate planning by a section of the Muslim leadership, the British government and the shortsightedness of the Congress leaders.   It is well known to all students of political science that the mere creation of a political unit is not enough to ensure its permanency and durability. A political unit, in order to be viable must be a real unit - that is to say, it must be a unit bound by a deep psychological, cultural, spiritual unity

An extract from Justice M. C. Chagla, in his autobiography:   "As far as I am concerned there are three things to which I have always adhered. They have represented my working faith and my abiding belief. These principles are unity, secularism and democracy. I know all the divisive factors but to my mind they are superficial. I have always thought that it was India's destiny to remain one country and one nation. One has only to look at a map of Asia to be convinced of this fact. With the Himalayas in the north and the sea in the west, south and east, India stands out as something distinct and apart from other countries that separate it. The Gods in their wisdom wante

Foreword   An unbiased study of History of any nation, race, continent or subcontinent has tremendous lessons for the subsequent generations. The book, 'A Vision of United India, Problems and Solutions' by Prof Kittu Reddy of Sri Aurobindo Ashram could not have come at a more appropriate time. Today when the country is passing through a period of turmoil, there can be no better place to look than our own heritage and history.   The author needs to be complimented on bringing out this book, which provides information on all aspects of India as a whole. He has covered Indian History from the ancient period to the current days bringing out that in spite of India having b

Chapter 2   More problems with Pakistan The problem in East Pakistan   Some time in the year 1950, Hindus were being butchered in East Pakistan. Faced with this difficult situation, the Government of India was contemplating taking some strong steps to protect the Hindus. Sardar Patel was then Home Minister and he faced the biggest test of his statesmanship when thousands of Hindus were driven into East Bengal by Pakistan - a development, which took everyone by surprise and angered the whole nation. Till then, the eastern front had been, by and large, peaceful and free from any communal backlash. The Sardar was much perturbed by the unhelpful attitude of the Government of P

Chapter 7   The present situation in the subcontinent   Let us see the role of the Pakistan Army after the September 11 attacks.   Here are a few extracts from some journals:   The September 11 attacks on New York and Washington and the ensuing U.S.-led war on terrorism have given Pakistan's military dictator, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, an opportunity to improve relations between Washington and Islamabad. That relationship had experienced a steep decline in the 1990s, as the end of both the Cold War and the common struggle against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan eroded the perception of shared strategic interests. Moreover, while it was losing i

Part 2   Indo-Pakistan relations after Independence   Chapter 1   The Kashmir problem   In the second part of the book, we shall deal with the actions and strategies of the Government of India after independence. The country was now free but unfortunately divided. It was hoped that this division would be only temporary and provisional. However, the sad part of the whole affair was that the Government of India had accepted the Partition as final and irrevocable. As already seen, at the beginning of this chapter, Sri Aurobindo in his message of Aug.15, August 1947, had warned of the consequences of partition in the following words: "But the old

Chapter 5   Pakistan - an artificial unit   We shall now look at the history of Pakistan. The so-called nation of Pakistan, which was created in 1947, claimed to be a homeland for the Muslims of the subcontinent. The Muslims were supposed to be a different nation with the religion of Islam as the psychological binding factor. All proponents of Pakistan have claimed that Pakistan is bound by Islam and was in fact, created to bring the Muslims of the subcontinent together into a strong and viable Islamic group; in other words, the claim is that Islam was the cementing factor of Pakistan. It can be shown that this is not true and is actually, a falsehood and fraud, which the

Chapter 9   The Hindu-Muslim problem and its solution   But with the advent and conquest of India by the Muslims, there came a rift both in the religious and social fields and consequently in the political field. We shall not go in detail into this aspect, since it has already been discussed in the first part of the book; but what is of importance and relevance to the present situation is to find out how this rift can be removed and a sound unity established. It has to be clearly understood and stressed that most of the problems of modern India - whether it be the creation of Pakistan and the subsequent tensions in our relationship, the Kashmir problem, the Ayodhya p

Chapter 5   Civilian rule in Pakistan and the role of the Army   After the death of Zia, there was civilian rule for 11 years. This period was one of the most corrupt in Pakistan's history as the two leading politicians, Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif, vied with each other for political control and were twice elected to office. Benazir doled out political franchises to the minor thug-rulers, including convicted murderers. She sanctioned corruption by refusing to act against, or even investigate, senior ministers and allies accused of stealing from the state. During his second tenure, Sharif was in power with an absolute majority in the National Assembly. He successfully f